Incremental Learning Method for Data with Delayed Labels

Most research on machine learning tasks relies on the availability of true labels immediately after making a prediction. However, in many cases, the ground truth labels become available with a non-negligible delay. In general, delayed labels create two problems. First, labelled data is insufficient because the label for each data chunk will be obtained multiple times. Second, there remains a problem of concept drift due to the long period of data. In this work, we propose a novel incremental ensemble learning when delayed labels occur. First, we build a sliding time window to preserve the historical data. Then we train an adaptive classifier by labelled data in the sliding time window. It is worth noting that we improve the TrAdaBoost to expand the data of the latest moment when building an adaptive classifier. It can correctly distinguish the wrong types of source domain sample classification. Finally, we integrate the various classifiers to make predictions. We apply our algorithms to synthetic and real credit scoring datasets. The experiment results indicate our algorithms have superiority in delayed labelling setting

A Method for Learning a Petri Net Model Based on Region Theory

The deployment of robots in real life applications is growing. For better control and analysis of robots, modeling and learning are the hot topics in the field. This paper proposes a method for learning a Petri net model from the limited attempts of robots. The method can supplement the information getting from robot system and then derive an accurate Petri net based on region theory accordingly. We take the building block world as an example to illustrate the presented method and prove the rationality of the method by two theorems. Moreover, the method described in this paper has been implemented by a program and tested on a set of examples. The results of experiments show that our algorithm is feasible and effective

Research progress of NPR genes in signal pathway of salicylic acid mediated plant disease resistance

Salicylic acid (SA) is considered to be an endogenous signal molecule in plants, and it is related to many resistances in plants. In Arabidopsis, Non-expressor of pathogenesis-related gene1 (NPR1) mediates the expression of pathogenesis-related genes (PRs) and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) induced by SA. NPR1 is a key factor in SA signaling pathway, and the research shows that NPR1, NPR3 and NPR4 play a key role in SA mediated plant disease resistance. In this review, the interaction between NPR and transcription factors is discussed, and we also describe the progress of NPR in SA mediated SAR signal transduction pathway, likewise, we introduce the relationship between NPR1 and its paralogues NPR3/NPR4. This paper analyzes the research prospect of NPR as the intersection of multiple signal paths

Different doses of methimazole treatment of children and adolescents with graves’ disease: a clinical study based on 161 cases of outpatients

Abstract Objective This study aimed to evaluate the association between the initial dose of MMI and the clinical course, as well as adverse effects on young people with GD. Methods One hundred and sixty-one children and adolescents with newly diagnosed GD were enrolled for this study and categorized into four groups based on initial serum-free T3 and T4 levels and daily MMI doses: Group A (mild, 0.3–0.5 mg/kg/day, n = 78), Group B (moderate, 0.6–0.8 mg/kg/day, n = 37), Group C (severe, 0.6–0.8 mg/kg/day, n = 24), and Group D (severe, 0.8-1.0 mg/kg/day, n = 22). The thyroid function, blood cell analysis and liver function were examined before treatment and at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after treatment. Outcome of long-term follow-up were also observed. Results After 12 weeks of treatment, 91.0% of the patients in group A and 90.9% of the patients in group D recovered to normalization of FT3, which was slightly higher than the other two groups; 70.8% of the patients in group C recovered to normalization of FT4, which was slightly lower than that in the other three groups. The incidence of minor adverse effects was 12.8% in group A, 13.5% in group B, 16.7% in group C and 40.9% in group D (P < 0.01). Remission was achieved in 38 patients (23.6%). Conclusions Lower doses of MMI (0.3–0.5 mg/kg/day) are suitable for mild GD, and higher doses of MMI (0.6–0.8 mg/kg/day) are advisable for moderate or severe GD. Much higher doses of MMI (0.8-1.0 mg/kg/day) are harmful for initial use in children and adolescents with GD patients

The association of serum IL-33/ST2 expression with hepatocellular carcinoma

Abstract Background IL-33 is a multifunctional cytokine with dual functions. However, the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of IL-33 in cancer patients, especially in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), remains controversial. Therefore, we conducted a study of 565 patients with HCC and 561 healthy controls and performed a meta-analysis to quantitatively evaluate the above problems. Methods We collected blood from 565 patients with HCC and 561 healthy controls. ELISA was used to detect the concentrations of IL-33 and ST2 in the serum, and RT‒PCR was used to detect the levels of IL-33 and ST2 mRNA. Meanwhile, we collected comprehensive literature on IL-33 and the clinical characteristics of cancer patients retrieved from the PubMed, Web of Science and CNKI databases as of December 2022. An odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to estimate the impact through overall and stratified analyses. Results Compared with the healthy control group, the levels of ST2 mRNA and serum in the peripheral blood of HCC patients increased (p  0.05). In the meta-analysis section, at the tissue level, the overall analysis showed that the expression of IL-33 was positively correlated with tumor stage, histological grade, distant metastasis, and tumor size. Compared with patients with low IL-33 expression, the 3-year overall survival (OS) rate (OR = 3.467, p < 0.001) and 5-year OS rate (OR = 2.784, p < 0.001) of patients with high IL-33 expression were lower. At the serum expression level, the overall analysis showed that the expression of IL-33 increased the risk of cancer, and the serum level of IL-33 was positively correlated with tumor stage and vascular invasion. Conclusion IL-33/ST2 is a useful predictive or prognostic biomarker in clinical evaluation and may be used as a potential therapeutic target, but much research is needed to verify this hypothesis

CD44, IL-33, and ST2 Gene Polymorphisms on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Susceptibility in the Chinese Population

The interleukin- (IL-) 33/ST2 axis plays a pivotal role in tumorigenesis through influencing cancer stemness and other mechanisms. CD44 is one of the critical markers of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among the cancer stem cells (CSCs). There is still a lack of CD44 gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) combined with IL-33/ST2 pathway single-nucleotide polymorphisms in HCC susceptibility analysis literature, although CD44 and IL-33/ST2 have been reported separately in human cancers. This study is aimed at investigating the relationship between CD44, IL-33, and ST2 SNPs and HCC susceptibility and clinicopathological features. We analyzed 565 HCC patients and 561 healthy controls in the Chinese population. The genes for CD44rs187115A>G, IL-33 rs1929992A>G, and ST2 rs3821204G>C were typed using the SNaPshot method. We found that the distribution frequencies of CD44 and ST2 alleles and genotypes in both the HCC case group and the control group were statistically significant (p<0.05). The results showed that individuals carrying at least one G allele of the CD44 rs187115 gene were at a higher risk than the AA genotype carriers (p=0.007, odds ratio OR=1.429, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.102–1.854). Similarly, individuals with at least one C allele of ST2 rs3821204 had a higher risk of HCC than those with GG genes (p≤0.001, OR=1.647, 95% CI: 1.296-2.093). Combining the haplotype analysis of the 3 loci suggested that CD44 rs187115, IL-33 rs1929992, and ST2 rs3821204 are associated with the risk of HCC and could potentially serve as useful genetic markers for HCC in some populations of China

Mechanism of High Stability of Water-in-Oil Emulsions at High Temperature

Thermal flooding by steam injection was a traditional method for exploiting heavy oil. The produced liquid was a highly stable water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsion in several oilfields. In this work, we focused on studying the effect of high temperature on the stability of an emulsion system involving two typical crude oils (heavy crude oil and light crude oil) and brine. It was impossible to directly measure the interfacial viscoelastic modulus because of the high viscosity of the heavy oil. In order to solve this problem and analyze the contribution of those fractions to the formation of stable emulsions, the heavy crude oil was divided into three cuts: remaining fraction, resin, and asphaltene. The model oils were prepared from the mixture of several heavy crude oil fractions with kerosene:xylene (1:1 v/v) to investigate the high-temperature behaviors of their emulsions. The stability was evaluated through a high-temperature–high-pressure (HTHP) visual pressure–volume–temperature cell, and a temperature up to 200 °C was achieved. The automatic pendant drop technique was used to analyze the interfacial rheology of model oils/brine system under HTHP conditions. With increasing formation temperature, the kinetically stable heavy oil emulsion had a much higher viscosity. The stabilities of heavy crude oil and light crude oil emulsions had opposite trends as the formation temperature increased. The stabilities of different model oils indicated that the mass fraction of asphaltene was responsible for the stability of emulsions at high temperature. With increasing temperature, the interfacial viscoelastic properties stabilized by 4.0 wt % asphaltenes had an increasing trend, but the stability of remaining fraction, resin, and 0.4 wt % asphaltene had a decreasing trend. The mechanism of formation of a stable and more rigid interfacial film was revealed by the effect of high temperature on asphaltene aggregation and water molecules